Function Of Animal Drawn Moldboard Plow
In many rural farming communities, especially in developing countries, animal drawn moldboard plows continue to play a crucial role in traditional agriculture. While modern machinery has replaced these tools in commercial-scale farming, they remain vital where farmers depend on low-cost, sustainable methods for soil preparation. The moldboard plow, when pulled by animals such as oxen or buffalo, performs essential functions in soil management, helping improve productivity while preserving the organic nature of farming systems.
Understanding the Animal Drawn Moldboard Plow
A moldboard plow is a primary tillage implement designed to turn over the topsoil layer, burying weeds and crop residues while loosening and aerating the soil. When drawn by animals, it is a cost-effective method for preparing land for cultivation. The plow typically includes a plowshare (cutting blade), moldboard (curved surface that turns the soil), and handles for guiding. The frame is light enough to be pulled by two or more animals, depending on the soil condition and terrain.
Key Components of the Moldboard Plow
- Plowshare: The cutting blade that slices through soil.
- Moldboard: The curved surface that lifts, flips, and crumbles the soil.
- Landside: The part that balances the plow against the uncut soil.
- Beam: The connecting part from the plow to the yoke on animals.
- Handle: Used by the operator to guide the plow’s direction and depth.
Primary Functions of Animal Drawn Moldboard Plow
1. Soil Inversion and Turning
One of the primary functions of the moldboard plow is inverting the soil. This process brings the nutrient-rich bottom layers to the top, while burying surface debris like weeds, previous crop residues, and pests. The result is a clean and fertile seedbed ready for planting.
2. Weed and Pest Control
By turning the soil and burying weeds and crop residues, the plow helps reduce weed growth and pest infestation. Many weed seeds are buried deep enough that they fail to germinate, thus giving the planted crops a better start without competition.
3. Soil Aeration
As the soil is turned, it becomes loose and aerated. This allows better penetration of air, water, and nutrients. Oxygen in the soil boosts microbial activity, which enhances nutrient availability for plant roots.
4. Improving Soil Structure
Animal drawn moldboard plowing breaks up compacted soil layers. This improves soil texture and facilitates root development. It also makes the soil more absorbent to water, reducing runoff and increasing moisture retention during dry periods.
5. Seedbed Preparation
The plow creates a smooth and level seedbed, crucial for the successful germination of seeds. Uniform soil structure and moisture retention ensure that seeds are properly covered and spaced, enhancing crop yield.
Advantages of Using Animal Drawn Moldboard Plow
- Cost-Effective: Requires no fuel, making it more affordable for small-scale farmers.
- Environmentally Friendly: Less soil disruption compared to mechanical plows.
- Low Maintenance: Minimal mechanical parts reduce breakdowns and repair needs.
- Accessible in Rural Areas: Ideal for remote locations lacking access to tractors.
- Preserves Traditional Farming: Promotes sustainable agricultural heritage.
Limitations of Animal Drawn Moldboard Plows
Despite their usefulness, these plows have certain limitations. They are slower than mechanized plows and may not be suitable for very large areas. Soil conditions such as very dry or very wet fields may reduce plowing efficiency. Additionally, depending on animal strength, the plowing depth may be limited.
- Limited plowing depth and speed
- Dependence on animal health and strength
- Labor-intensive for the operator
- May not be effective in stony or heavily compacted soils
Best Practices for Effective Use
1. Choosing the Right Time to Plow
Plowing is best done when soil has adequate moisture not too wet and not too dry. The ideal condition makes the soil easier to turn and reduces strain on animals.
2. Regular Tool Maintenance
Sharpening the plowshare and checking alignment ensures smooth and efficient cutting through soil. Regular oiling of metal parts prevents rust and extends tool life.
3. Animal Care
The performance of the moldboard plow depends on the strength and health of the animals. Providing adequate nutrition, rest, and water is critical during plowing season.
4. Operator Skill
Handling the plow requires skill in maintaining depth and guiding the direction. Proper technique helps achieve uniform furrows and efficient coverage of the field.
Comparison with Other Plowing Methods
Compared to disc plows or tractor-mounted moldboard plows, the animal drawn plow is less disruptive to soil ecology. However, mechanized methods are faster and suitable for large-scale operations. Farmers must balance cost, environmental impact, and labor availability when choosing between methods.
The animal drawn moldboard plow remains a reliable, efficient, and sustainable agricultural tool. It serves multiple purposes including soil turning, aeration, weed suppression, and seedbed preparation. While not as fast or powerful as modern machines, it provides an accessible and eco-friendly option for many smallholder farmers. With proper maintenance, care for animals, and skilled operation, this traditional tool continues to contribute meaningfully to global food production in a resource-conscious way.