What Does Wigwagging Mean
Communication has evolved significantly throughout human history, from primitive signals to sophisticated digital messaging. Among the many methods once used for long-distance signaling, ‘wigwagging’ holds a unique place. This term may sound unusual to modern ears, but it played a significant role in military and railroad communications. Understanding what wigwagging means, how it works, and where it has been applied helps us appreciate the ingenuity of older communication methods and their influence on current technologies.
Definition of Wigwagging
Wigwagging refers to a method of visual signaling that involves moving a flag, lantern, or light back and forth in specific patterns to convey messages. The term comes from the motion itself wig meaning move or shake and wag meaning to swing. In essence, wigwagging uses deliberate, coded movements to send information across distances where voice or sound is impractical.
Basic Concept
The principle of wigwagging relies on visibility. A person uses an object typically a flag during the day or a lantern at night to create recognizable patterns. These patterns correspond to letters, numbers, or commands using a code, such as Morse code or a specialized wigwag code.
Historical Origins
Wigwagging originated in the mid-19th century, particularly gaining prominence during the American Civil War. Major Albert J. Myer, a U.S. Army surgeon and signal officer, developed a system known as the Myer Wig-Wag system, which became the foundation of signal communication for the U.S. military.
Military Use
During times of war, soldiers stationed on hilltops or towers used wigwagging to coordinate troop movements or convey urgent battlefield information. The system was silent, relatively fast, and effective across long distances where electronic communication did not yet exist.
How Wigwagging Works
The execution of wigwagging involves precise motion. The person signaling (known as the signalman) uses a single flag and moves it in certain directions to represent numbers or letters.
Standard Movements
- Position 1: Flag moved to the left
- Position 2: Flag moved to the right
- Position 3: Flag lowered in front (used as a signal of end or space)
Each letter of the alphabet is represented by a specific sequence of these movements. For instance, a series of left and right swings might represent the letter ‘A,’ while another pattern signifies ‘B,’ and so on. The system requires both the sender and the receiver to understand the code and timing involved.
Types of Equipment Used
The choice of equipment for wigwagging depends on environmental conditions and time of day. Different objects may be used to ensure visibility and clarity of signals.
Common Signaling Tools
- Flags: Typically red and white, or black for contrast
- Lanterns or torches: For night use or low-visibility conditions
- Discs or paddles: Sometimes used in naval applications
The size and color of the flag or object were chosen to suit the background, ensuring the movements were visible to the intended receiver at a distance.
Wigwagging in Railway Systems
Outside the military, wigwagging was also used in early railway systems. In this context, wigwag signals warned of approaching trains or alerted vehicles at crossings. Although modern lights and automated arms have replaced these methods, some older rail crossings still feature a wigwag signal, characterized by a swinging sign or arm.
Railroad Wigwag Signals
These mechanisms often used electromagnets to swing a sign or light back and forth as a visual alert. The repeated motion caught the attention of drivers and pedestrians more effectively than static signs, enhancing safety at crossings.
Modern Relevance and Legacy
Although wigwagging is no longer a mainstream communication method, its influence is still visible in modern signaling and alert systems. Concepts like coded messaging, signal timing, and visual alerts evolved from these older techniques.
Legacy Applications
- Semaphore signaling in maritime and airfields
- Emergency signaling in remote or wilderness areas
- Reenactments and historical military education
In emergency situations where modern devices fail, knowing how to use visual signals like wigwagging can be extremely useful. It offers a reliable backup method for basic communication.
Wigwagging in Culture and Media
The term ‘wigwagging’ occasionally appears in historical novels, documentaries, and films, especially those set during the Civil War era. It symbolizes strategic communication, discipline, and human ingenuity in the absence of digital tools. Enthusiasts of historical reenactment or military history often demonstrate wigwagging at public events or museums.
Comparison with Other Signal Methods
Wigwagging stands alongside other traditional signaling methods such as:
- Semaphore: Uses two flags held in different positions to indicate letters
- Heliograph: Uses mirrors and sunlight to send coded flashes
- Morse code with telegraphs: Uses electrical pulses to send text messages
Each method has its own strengths and limitations, but all share the common goal of transmitting information without voice or face-to-face contact.
Learning Wigwagging Today
While no longer required for military or commercial use, wigwagging can still be learned for historical interest, scouting, or emergency training. It can be a fun and educational way to explore communication history and gain insight into non-verbal messaging systems.
Where to Learn
- Boy Scout or Girl Scout manuals
- Historical reenactment groups
- Military history books and forums
- Outdoor survival courses
Wigwagging may be an outdated practice in today’s world of instant messaging and satellite communication, but its significance remains undeniable. As a creative and effective way to send messages over long distances, it reminds us of the power of visual language and human adaptability. Whether used in war, on railroads, or for learning purposes, wigwagging showcases the foundational principles of signaling systems that continue to influence communication technologies today.